Industries CO2 Emissions

Explore carbon emissions by industry sector. Drill down into specific industries to see contributing companies and detailed emission profiles.

Emissions by Sector

Oil & Gas19.2 Gt (56.8%)
Coal Mining13.9 Gt (41.1%)
Cement1.3 Gt (4%)
Steel Production2.8 Gt (8.2%)
Aviation920 Mt (2.7%)
Shipping850 Mt (2.5%)
56.8% global
Oil & Gas
The oil and gas industry is responsible for the largest share of global CO2 emissions, covering extraction, refining, and distribution of petroleum products and natural gas.
19.2 Gt
Annual CO2
89
Companies
Top Emitters:
Saudi AramcoNational Iranian OilGazprom
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41.1% global
Coal Mining
Coal mining and burning remains the largest single source of CO2 emissions, particularly in Asia where coal-fired power generation continues to grow.
13.9 Gt
Annual CO2
68
Companies
Top Emitters:
Coal IndiaCHN EnergyJinneng Group
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4% global
Cement
Cement production releases CO2 both from burning fuels and from the chemical process of heating limestone, making it difficult to decarbonize.
1.3 Gt
Annual CO2
12
Companies
Top Emitters:
China Cement ProductionHolcim GroupHeidelbergCement
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8.2% global
Steel Production
Steel manufacturing requires intense heat typically generated by burning coal, making the steel industry one of the hardest to decarbonize.
2.8 Gt
Annual CO2
35
Companies
Top Emitters:
ArcelorMittalChina BaowuNippon Steel
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2.7% global
Aviation
Aviation contributes to global emissions through jet fuel consumption and has limited near-term alternatives to fossil fuels.
920 Mt
Annual CO2
45
Companies
Top Emitters:
Delta Air LinesAmerican AirlinesUnited Airlines
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2.5% global
Shipping
International shipping uses heavy fuel oil and accounts for a significant portion of transport emissions.
850 Mt
Annual CO2
40
Companies
Top Emitters:
MaerskMSCCOSCO
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Key Industry Insights

Coal Dominance

Coal mining and burning remains the largest single source of CO2 emissions at 41.1%, with emissions growing by 1.9% in 2023. Asian companies dominate this sector, with 7 of the top 10 coal emitters based in China or India.

Oil & Gas Impact

The oil and gas industry accounts for over 56% of emissions tracked in the Carbon Majors database. State-owned national oil companies control the majority of global reserves and production.

Cement Challenge

Cement production is uniquely difficult to decarbonize as CO2 is released both from burning fuels and from the chemical process of heating limestone. China produces 55% of global cement.

Transport Sectors

Aviation and shipping together account for over 5% of global emissions with limited near-term alternatives to fossil fuels. Both sectors face significant decarbonization challenges.